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Distinct immune escape and microenvironment between RG-like and pri-OPC-like glioma revealed by single-cell

Frontiers of Medicine doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1017-7

Abstract: The association of neurogenesis and gliogenesis with glioma remains unclear. By conducting single-cell RNA-seq analyses on 26 gliomas, we reported their classification into primitive oligodendrocyte precursor cell (pri-OPC)-like and radial glia (RG)-like tumors and validated it in a public cohort and TCGA glioma. The RG-like tumors exhibited wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase and tended to carry EGFR mutations, and the pri-OPC-like ones were prone to carrying TP53 mutations. Tumor subclones only in pri-OPC-like tumors showed substantially down-regulated MHC-I genes, suggesting their distinct immune evasion programs. Furthermore, the two subgroups appeared to extensively modulate glioma-infiltrating lymphocytes in distinct manners. Some specific genes not expressed in normal immune cells were found in glioma-infiltrating lymphocytes. For example, glial/glioma stem cell markers OLIG1/PTPRZ1 and B cell-specific receptors IGLC2/IGKC were expressed in pri-OPC-like and RG-like glioma-infiltrating lymphocytes, respectively. Their expression was positively correlated with those of immune checkpoint genes (e.g., LGALS3) and poor survivals as validated by the increased expression of LGALS3 upon IGKC overexpression in Jurkat cells. This finding indicated a potential inhibitory role in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and could provide a new way of cancer immune evasion.

Keywords： single-cell RNA-seq     glioma     radial glia     primitive oligodendrocyte precursor cell     immune escape    

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SARS-CoV-2 variants, immune escape, and countermeasures

Frontiers of Medicine 2022, Volume 16, Issue 2,   Pages 196-207 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0906-x

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic disease. SARS-CoV-2 variants have aroused great concern and are expected to continue spreading. Although many countries have promoted roll-out vaccination, the immune barrier has not yet been fully established, indicating that populations remain susceptible to infection. In this review, we summarize the literature on variants of concern and focus on the changes in their transmissibility, pathogenicity, and resistance to the immunity constructed by current vaccines. Furthermore, we analyzed relationships between variants and breakthrough infections, as well as the paradigm of new variants in countries with high vaccination rates. Terminating transmission, continuing to strengthen variant surveillance, and combining nonpharmaceutical intervention measures and vaccines are necessary to control these variants.

Keywords： SARS-CoV-2     COVID-19     vaccine     immune escape     breakthrough     prevention    

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Multi-target combinatory strategy to overcome tumor immune escape

Frontiers of Medicine 2022, Volume 16, Issue 2,   Pages 208-215 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0922-5

Abstract: Immune therapy has become the fourth approach after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in cancer treatment. Many immune checkpoints were identified in the last decade since ipilimumab, which is the first immune checkpoint inhibitor to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, had been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma in 2011. The use of several antibody drugs that target PD1/PD-L1 for various cancer treatments has been approved by the FDA. However, fewer people are benefitting from immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in solid cancers. Approximately 80% of patients do not respond appropriately because of primary or acquired therapeutic resistance. Along with the characterization of more immune checkpoints, the combinatory treatment of multi-immune checkpoint inhibitors becomes a new option when monotherapy could not receive a good response. In this work, the author focuses on the combination therapy of multiple immune checkpoints (does not include targeted therapy of oncogenes or chemotherapy), introduces the current progression of multiple immune checkpoints and their related inhibitors, and discusses the advantages of combination therapy, as well as the risk of immune-related adverse events.

Keywords： immune checkpoints     multi-target     immune escape     immune-related adverse events     combination therapy    

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Research on pedestrian escape route without visibility based on Markov chain model

Xiaoping ZHENG, Lijuan DU, Hongjiang WANG,

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 3,   Pages 283-289 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0272-8

Abstract: It is a pioneering work to use a Markov chain model to study the pedestrian escape route without visibilityMarkov chain probability transition matrix, the algorithms with random numbers and the spatial-grid, an escapeAt the same time, this paper analyzes the escape route from two views, i.e., pedestrian pace states andresearch results show that the Markov chain model is more realistic as a means of studying pedestrian escape

Keywords： pioneering     direction     spatial-grid     realistic     transition characteristic    

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Numerical Computational Aerodynamics Coefficient for Eje ction Seat

Yu Jia,Lin Guiping

Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 6,   Pages 53-57

Abstract:

  The traditional method for obtaining aerodynamics coefficient for ejection seat is wind tunnel experiment. To research the feasibility of the application of computational aerodynamics coefficient for ejection seat on general CFD software,  aerodynamics coefficient of ejection seat was computed using general CFD software. Through resolving fluid field,  the result is obtained.  The average difference of the result compared with the experiment data is less than 10 % and in the range of permission. It shows that CFD methodologies can be used instead of wind tunnel experiment for the ejection seat research.  CFD methodologies can be applied widely to ejection seat research.

Keywords： ejection seat     escape system     computational fluid dynamics     aerodynamic coefficient    

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identification, and clinical application of anti-HBs monoclonal antibody that binds both wild-type and immune escape

Fanghe LI BM , Chunyan ZHANG MS , Jinghua LIU MS , Xiaoyan ZHANG MS , Bing YAN , Bo ZHANG MS , Yongguo HUANG MS , Jingsong GONG BM , Yan CHEN BM ,

Frontiers of Medicine 2009, Volume 3, Issue 3,   Pages 277-283 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0047-0

Abstract: antibody, we developed a sandwich ELISA (defined G6m ELISA) for detecting both wild-type and immune escape

Keywords： hepatitis B virus     gene variation     hepatitis B surface antigen     immune escape     enzyme-linked immunosorbent    

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Study on Ejection Escape Technology in Sub-plateau Regions

Su Bingjun,Dai Shuyin,Zhou Fang,Lin Guiping

Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 6,   Pages 38-42

Abstract:

This paper has analyzed deficiencies with the current aircrew escapesystem for sub-plateau regions and a proposal has been put forward that the ejection seat is to be equippedwith a dual mode sequencer including mechanical and electrical sequencers, so as to ensure safe escapecurrent equipment configuration is kept unchanged,  in sub-plateau regions and without reducing escape

Keywords： sub-plateau     ejection survival     dual mode sequencer    

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System reliability and system resilience

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2021, Volume 8, Issue 4,   Pages 615-619 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0176-y

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Engineering, Engineering System, Engineering System Theory, and System of Engineering Science

Wang Liancheng

Strategic Study of CAE 2001, Volume 3, Issue 6,   Pages 15-18

Abstract: of basic contents, nature and feature of engineering, this paper introduces concepts of engineering systemand engineering system theory, then discusses objects of study and research methods of engineering systemtheory using thinking of general system theory.Finally, it expounds meta-discipline standing of engineering system theory in system of engineering science

Keywords： engineering     system     system theory     discipline    

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Cyber–Physical Power System (CPPS): A review on measures and optimization methods of system resilience

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2021, Volume 8, Issue 4,   Pages 503-518 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0163-3

Abstract: The Cyber–Physical Power System (CPPS) is one of the most critical infrastructure systems in a country

Keywords： Cyber–Physical Power System     resilience assessment     resilience optimization     cascading failure modeling    

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Discussion on the System Optimization of the Energy Development Strategy and Plan

Da-di Zhou

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2014, Volume 1, Issue 2,   Pages 147-152 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014022

Abstract: Due to the complexity of the energy system, the interactive relationship with economic and social development, and the enormous investment involved, the optimization of the energy system is of great significanceefforts to develop targets and specific approaches for the rational and optimal development of an energy system

Keywords： energy development strategy     planning system     system optimization    

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Distributed monitoring and diagnosis system for hydraulic system of construction machinery

Xiaohu CHEN, Wenfeng WU, Hangong WANG, Yongtao ZHOU,

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2010, Volume 5, Issue 1,   Pages 106-110 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0089-7

Abstract: This paper mainly presents a distributed monitoring and diagnosis system for the hydraulic system ofThe hardware of the distributed condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system is designed.experiments and applications indicate that the distributed condition monitoring and fault diagnosis systemrealize its function of real-time online condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for the hydraulic system

Keywords： construction machinery     hydraulic system     distributed condition monitoring     controller area net (CAN) field    

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Theory and method of mechanism system design

Huijun ZOU, Qinghua LIANG, Qing ZHANG

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2010, Volume 5, Issue 4,   Pages 399-411 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0116-8

Abstract: Conceptual design is the most critical and creative phase of design. Recently, increasing attention has been directed to supporting conceptual-level computer aided creative design and its theories and methodologies. Specifically, for conceptual design of mechanical products, this paper presents a novel function solving model for mechanical product design and highlights the importance of systematic synthesis to achieve creative design. Then it builds a framework as a function-effect-process-action- mechanisms (FEPAM) mapping process, which enables creative design on the basis of conceiving different action schemes. After that, several key points are elaborated including 1) representing and decomposition methods of functions and motion behaviors; 2) action scheme representing method based on network plan techniques; and 3) variation and creation methods based on action scheme transformations.

Keywords： mechanism system creative design     process model     function solving model     process action procedure     mechanismsknowledge base     principle of mechanism system composition    

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Dynamic contribution of variable-speed wind energy conversion system in system frequency regulation

Yajvender Pal VERMA, Ashwani KUMAR

Frontiers in Energy 2012, Volume 6, Issue 2,   Pages 184-192 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0185-y

Abstract: from the grid during disturbances with advanced power electronics controllers and reduce equivalent systemThus, it is important that wind turbines also contribute to system frequency control.paper examines the dynamic contribution of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine in systemThe simulations carried out in a two-area interconnected power system demonstrate the contribution of

Keywords： doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)     load frequency control     inertial control     wind energy conversion system    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Distinct immune escape and microenvironment between RG-like and pri-OPC-like glioma revealed by single-cell

Journal Article

SARS-CoV-2 variants, immune escape, and countermeasures

Journal Article

Multi-target combinatory strategy to overcome tumor immune escape

Journal Article

Research on pedestrian escape route without visibility based on Markov chain model

Xiaoping ZHENG, Lijuan DU, Hongjiang WANG,

Journal Article

Numerical Computational Aerodynamics Coefficient for Eje ction Seat

Yu Jia,Lin Guiping

Journal Article

identification, and clinical application of anti-HBs monoclonal antibody that binds both wild-type and immune escape

Fanghe LI BM , Chunyan ZHANG MS , Jinghua LIU MS , Xiaoyan ZHANG MS , Bing YAN , Bo ZHANG MS , Yongguo HUANG MS , Jingsong GONG BM , Yan CHEN BM ,

Journal Article

Study on Ejection Escape Technology in Sub-plateau Regions

Su Bingjun,Dai Shuyin,Zhou Fang,Lin Guiping

Journal Article

System reliability and system resilience

Journal Article

Han Jun: Interpretation of the Frontier Progress of Immunosuppression and Escape Mechanism of Important

22 Dec 2022

Conference Videos

Engineering, Engineering System, Engineering System Theory, and System of Engineering Science

Wang Liancheng

Journal Article

Cyber–Physical Power System (CPPS): A review on measures and optimization methods of system resilience

Journal Article

Discussion on the System Optimization of the Energy Development Strategy and Plan

Da-di Zhou

Journal Article

Distributed monitoring and diagnosis system for hydraulic system of construction machinery

Xiaohu CHEN, Wenfeng WU, Hangong WANG, Yongtao ZHOU,

Journal Article

Theory and method of mechanism system design

Huijun ZOU, Qinghua LIANG, Qing ZHANG

Journal Article

Dynamic contribution of variable-speed wind energy conversion system in system frequency regulation

Yajvender Pal VERMA, Ashwani KUMAR

Journal Article